NXIVM, associated with imprisoned criminal Keith Raniere, was a cult that operated under the guise of a self-help corporation. Raniere's organization offered seminars and courses in human potential development, but it served as a front for illicit activities conducted by Raniere and his inner circle. The group was based in the New York Capital District and had centers in various locations, using a multi-level marketing model for recruitment. At its peak, NXIVM boasted 700 active members, including notable individuals and the offspring of influential families.

Concerns about Raniere's behavior and NXIVM's practices began to emerge, with former members and families labeling the organization a "cult." This sentiment was echoed by investigative journalists and experts in cult-related fields. The revelation of a secret society called "DOS," where women were branded and subjected to coercion, led to a 2017 exposé by The New York Times. Subsequently, the U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of New York launched an investigation that resulted in criminal charges against Raniere and several key figures in 2018. These charges ranged from sex trafficking to forced labor and racketeering. Most defendants, except for Raniere, pleaded guilty. Raniere's trial in 2019 exposed a history of sexual abuse, manipulation, and other crimes. He was convicted, receiving a 120-year prison sentence. Despite his imprisonment, Raniere continued to exert influence over a small, loyal group of followers, maintaining their activities from behind bars.